It is believed that the era of cellular concrete began, thanks to the Swedish scientist Ericksson, back in 18-20 of the last century. Over the past century, technology has made a rapid jump forward, and today the modern construction market is inconceivable without the use of cellular concrete.
What is cellular concrete.
Cellular concrete – a mixture of a binding cement mortar and silica aggregate, from which materials with a porous structure formed evenly distributed cells are obtained during processing, providing improved physicomechanical properties of concrete – foamed concrete. All types of cellular concrete are divided into aerated concrete and foam concrete, which differ in manufacturing technology.
Advantages of a house from cellular concrete.
Easy, practical, convenient material for construction, with competent use, is not inferior in its technical characteristics to traditional materials. Cellular concrete is a very suppressive material for processing, which allows even the most complex geometric forms to implement.
Reliability. The closed porosity of the material reliably protects it from exposure to time.
Thermal protection. 40-80 blocks consist of air cells, this increases thermal resistance and reduces the cost of heating the house.
Microclimate. The porosity of the blocks provides air circulation, which is comparable to wooden houses.
High masonry speed provides convenient sizes and lightness of the material.
Environmental friendliness. Cellular concrete does not emit toxic substances, the purity of materials used in the production of materials guarantees the safety of blocks.
Soundproofing. The cellular structure greatly absorbs sounds.
Fire safety. Non -combustible material, fire resistance of 1 degree.
Convenient blocks of blocks and their low cost reduce temporary and budget costs, and therefore, houses from cellular concrete are profitable economically.
It is important to know when building a house from a cellular foam concrete:
Cellular concrete does not tolerate deformations, so during the construction of the house it is recommended to lay a strip or monolithic slab foundation.
Since the material is hydroscopic, it is desirable to arrange a high base. Between the base and masonry, good waterproofing is necessary, made of rolled bitumen materials or special waterproofing solutions based on dry mixtures.
To align the surface of the foundation, the first row is laid on a cement-sand mortar, starting from the highest angle. First, corner blocks are placed. Next, to comply with the geometry of the structure, a patching cord is pulled between them, after which a row is filled. Align blocks by level, using a rubber hammer.
Blocks of the same height should be selected for one row, the gaps are filled with additional blocks that are sawn off using a hacksaw.
The laying of the next row is acceptable after the solution grabs, according to the standards it is 60-120 minutes.
The second row and subsequent are placed with dressing in a concrete solution or special glue. The docking vertical seams should be at least 10cm to move away from each other.
Tip: When building a house from cellular concrete, it is recommended to use special glue, which avoids the formation of cold bridges. The glue is applied with a gear spatula to the surface of the laid row and on the sides of the laid blocks.
The thickness of the adhesive layer is 2mm, this significantly increases the thermal insulation characteristics of the building as a whole. Of course, the glue mixture is somewhat more expensive than the usual solution of sand and cement, but small consumption can be significantly saved, and, ultimately, the use of glue is cheaper.
7. For laying internal partitions, blocks are used, the thickness of which is 100mm. The walls are light, durable, with good sound insulation.
8. The conjugation of internal partitions and external walls is bandaged by masonry, or elastic or anchor compounds are used. Elastic ligament and anchor are laid in the adhesive seam of each second row of blocks.
9. The reinforcement of the first row and the zones of the ceilings is mandatory, in addition, every fourth row is reinforced. Particular attention should be paid to reinforcing the openings under the windows and doors, the rods are laid in the penultimate row and necessarily in the zones of jumpers. Jumper can serve as concrete blocks laid on metal corners.
Tip: For reinforcement in blocks with a stact, grooves are cut through, into which the reinforcement is laid, according to SNiPs, at least 6mm in diameter. External walls and joints are reinforced with two parallel rods. At the corners of the strobes should be connected smoothly curved rods.
Before laying the reinforcement, the grooves are thoroughly cleaned from dust and debris, moisturized by water. Next, the strobes are poured with glue, after which rods are laid, which must be completely recessed in the solution. The surface is aligned with a trowel, all contaminants are removed with a hard brush.
10. The floors are made of hollow reinforced concrete slabs. For additional stability, the junction is filled with mounting foam.
11. In houses from cellular concrete, holes for engineering communications and electrical wiring are filled or milling. Since the material is porous, all fasteners are performed using special dowels-butals, for light structures you can use ordinary dowel-grooves.
House finish from cellular concrete.
Any materials are suitable for interior wall decoration from cellular concrete. It can be thin -layer plaster, putty for wallpaper or painting, decorative plasters, facing tiles, which can be glued directly onto the blocks.
Important: the finish should not interfere with the blocks to breathe.
The external decoration of buildings from cellular concrete requires a competent approach, the main rule: Materials must be vapor permeable. The easiest option for external wall decoration is plaster with light mixtures for cellular concrete and stained with steamed textured colors.
Modern ventilated facades – siding, decorative panels, lining, also a practical and reliable option for external decoration of the house from cellular concrete. But the most common and attractive type of decoration is the walls of facing brick.
A variety of textures, colors and forms of brick allow you to embody any ideas in the appearance of the house. The facing masonry is attached to the walls using flexible anchors or rods scored into blocks by 1 m2 of at least 5 pcs.
Important: between brick cladding and a wall made of cellular concrete, it is necessary to provide an air ventilated gap, at least 50 mm. For improved ventilation in the extreme rows of brickwork, vertical seams are not filled with solution.